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Trenitalia runs trains between the railway stations within the city, and to other destinations around Italy and Europe. The central railway station, Santa Maria Novella , is about m 1, ft northwest of the Piazza del Duomo. There are two other important stations: Campo di Marte and Rifredi. A new high-speed rail station is under construction and is contracted to be operational by In , over 50, students were enrolled at the university. The European University Institute has been based in the suburb of Fiesole since Several American universities host a campus in Florence.
The center for arts and humanities advanced research has been located on the border of Florence, Fiesole and Settignano since Over 8, American students are enrolled for study in Florence, although mostly while studying in US based degree programmes. The private school, Centro Machiavelli which teaches Italian language and culture to foreigners, is located in Piazza Santo Spirito in Florence.
Florence is twinned with: []. Florence has friendly relations with: []. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Capital and most populated city of the Italian region of Tuscany. For other uses, see Florence disambiguation , Florentin disambiguation , Florentine disambiguation , and Firenze disambiguation.
Comune in Tuscany, Italy. A collage of Florence showing the Galleria degli Uffizi top left , followed by the Palazzo Pitti , a sunset view of the city and the Fountain of Neptune in the Piazza della Signoria.
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Main article: Art in Florence. See also: Guilds of Florence. Main article: Florentine dialect. See also: Tuscan language. Main article: Music of Florence. See also: Music of Tuscany. Main article: Italian fashion. See also: Fashion designers of Florence and Polimoda. See also: Calcio Fiorentino. Main article: Architecture of Florence. October Learn how and when to remove this template message. See also: List of churches in Florence and Theatres in Florence.
See also: Squares of Florence. See also: Trams in Florence. Main article: Trams in Florence. See also: Category:People from Florence. See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy. Italy portal EU portal. Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March Archived from the original on 4 April Retrieved 22 January Robertson Smith , L. Akron, Ohio: The Werner Company, p. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 November Renaissance Florence. New York: Wiley. ISBN Retrieved 28 October Britannica Concise Encyclopedia.
Archived from the original on 25 November Retrieved 9 October Retrieved 12 April Retrieved 20 January Retrieved 28 September Munich: Gunter Nelles. The Economist. ISSN Retrieved 16 October JSTOR Journal of Medieval History.
S2CID Brown University. The World of Giotto: c. Time-Life Books. Florence, Italy: Skira. Retrieved 15 July Retrieved 16 November Retrieved 15 February Geochemical Journal. Bibcode : GeocJ.. CiteSeerX Retrieved 15 February — via ResearchGate. Map showing the Arno river catchment and its major tributaries, the largest towns, and the sampling stations subdivided according to the sampling year. April Retrieved 29 May La neve a Firenze — [ Snow in Florence — ] in Italian.
Florence: Pagnini Editore. Il portale Italiano della Meteorologia 20 May Il portale Italiano della Meteorologia". Archived from the original on 8 October Servizio Meteorologico.
Retrieved 13 October Retrieved 14 April Weather Atlas. Retrieved 26 January Princeton University Press. Retrieved 27 October Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology. Presses de l'Universite du Quebec. Archived from the original on 26 April Retrieved 5 May Archived from the original on 14 August David M.
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Concise History of Western Music. New York: W. Norton, A History of Western Music. Kassell, Richard. A History of Music in Western Culture. Combined Volume. Retrieved 20 August Archived from the original on 18 March Retrieved 18 March Archived from the original on 7 August Archived from the original on 11 July Retrieved 7 May Retrieved 8 July Gardens in Tuscany. Retrieved 25 August Archived from the original on 29 January Archived from the original PDF on 18 April ACF Fiorentina.
Martin Wahl. Retrieved 10 October Retrieved 20 May Italy Perfect Travel Blog. Retrieved 3 February ONE Scarl. Retrieved 24 May Autolinee Toscane. Retrieved 30 May Retrieved 11 December Archived from the original on 2 February Global Public Transit Index by Moovit.
Retrieved 19 June Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. All of this was leading toward what would have been a continuation of the series in "The Powers of Grayskull" line, before being discontinued.
The proposed exploration of the distant past of Eternia, dubbed "Preternia," [] forms the basis of what was originally to be the next incarnation of the toy line, entitled "The Powers of Grayskull. The proposed storyline was to focus on Ancient Eternia, which was populated by many creatures, including the aforementioned cybernetic dinosaurs and giants. When the Sorceress and He-Man arrive, followed by Skeletor, they find King Hiss leading an attack on a village in the hope of drawing out "The Elders," using some of the cybernetic dinosaurs to their advantage.
Hiss serves an "unnamed one" and agrees to unite with Skeletor on the basis that he might be an emissary. Seeing Skeletor's interference, the Sorceress allows He-Man to enter the battle but, "for reasons that will be made clear to you in the future," he had to be disguised. He finds himself overwhelmed, but then a shadowy figure appears who turns the odds with a powerful wand. The stranger then sends the Snake Men back to their base and all the time travelers home.
However, some marketing press releases and prototypes have shed further information on this. The wizard was to be He-Ro , an ancestor of He-Man. Raised by his mentor Eldor and discovering special powers in a cave, He-Ro would have led the fight against the Snake Men.
According to the mini comics' writers, it was intended that the central antagonist would be Keldor, a character revealed similarly late in the line to have been He-Man's uncle and also strongly hinted to have been the former identity of Skeletor. Whether or not Keldor was also supposed to be the "Unnamed One" Hiss served is not clear, although in an interview writer Steven Grant vaguely recalls that the intention was that the Unnamed One would be a greater evil who, as the Emperor was to Darth Vader , was intended to be the one who caused Keldor to become Skeletor.
In the years after the animated series ended, generally going along with the established Filmation continuity, Marvel Comics would release a younger-skewing Star Comics Masters of the Universe series that ran from to bimonthly and produced 13 issues; featuring many of the later characters introduced in the toy line, as well as new ones such as Lieutenant Andra.
Bitner's creation, Fearless Photog , was never realized in the s and an action figure was not produced until the Masters of the Universe Classics collector's toy line in Daily Masters of the Universe comic strips were also in newspaper syndication from until The strips were primarily written by Chris Weber and edited by Karen Willson, with distribution in the U.
The newspaper strips were generally lesser known to the wider fan base until 1, of the 1, daily strips were finally collected in hardcover format with He-Man and the Masters of the Universe: The Newspaper Comic Strips , released by Dark Horse Books in The series was headed by Brian Clarke, and is often noted for in-depth stories expanding the canon and the origins of many Masters of the Universe characters.
In addition, London Editions would introduce several new characters, such as "Scrollos," who served as an in-universe editor and guide to the series. Masters of the Universe and the Princess of Power featured in many children's books from the s, with one of the main producers of these titles, Golden Books , publishing several series of hard and softcover children's books from to The first few releases of the Golden books material is more in line with the early Mattel mini comics, with the later books following the Filmation cartoon series.
Most World I. These included many small hardcover book and cassette tapes produced by Ladybird Books out of the UK, several record and tape read-along book sets from Kid Stuff Records in the U.
Several video game adaptations of the franchise were released from through to Throughout the s, a wide array of He-Man merchandise was released, including coloring books, activity books, Panini Sticker books, toothbrush holders, costumes, bed sheets, and many other items.
These cassettes would continue to add to the expanding Masters of the Universe mythos, introducing the world of Anti-Eternia, with an evil alternate universe version of He-Man. A new character, Gwildor Billy Barty , is included in place of Orko, as the special effects of the time were deemed insufficient and too costly.
In the film, Skeletor has finally conquered Eternia after stealing the Cosmic Key from the locksmith Gwildor, allowing him to gain entry into Castle Grayskull and imprison the Sorceress.
Stranded on Earth, they are faced with the task of retrieving their Cosmic Key which has fallen into the hands of the unwitting humans Julie Winston and Kevin Corrigan and returning to Eternia, before Skeletor can gain the full power of Castle Grayskull. Skeletor sends his minions to Earth with the mission of recovering the Cosmic Key prototype, as the war between good and evil is transferred to Earth, before returning to Eternia for a final battle between He-Man and a golden-clad godlike Skeletor in the film's climax.
Numerous parts of the previously accepted history of the series are omitted in the film, including all references to Prince Adam, Battle Cat, Orko, King Randor, and Queen Marlena. Many reviews of the motion picture criticized its departures from the cartoon, although the movie was produced as an adaptation of the toys only, with Filmation having no involvement in the film.
The story concentrates more on the science-fiction elements of the franchise rather than the fantasy and the majority of the story takes place on Earth rather than on the world of Eternia. Also departing from all other depictions, He-Man uses a gun in some scenes, instead of his Power Sword, and he is rarely shown displaying his superhuman strength in the film. Although He-Man twice utters his catchphrase "I have the power!
The film was a critical and commercial failure , and received negative reviews, and is often considered to be the one of the worst films ever made.. Although Mattel had hoped that the movie would boost sales of the toy line, it instead had little effect on the line's falling sales, and the MOTU toy line was finally discontinued in early under mounting financial difficulties.
A sequel to the film was written, but by Cannon Films was in such severe financial troubles that it could no longer afford to pay the license fees to Mattel. Due to film's poor reception, thus the script was transformed into the action film Cyborg , starring Jean-Claude Van Damme. The new series is radically different from the original fantasy -oriented milieu, shifting to an almost purely science-fiction setting that sees He-Man transported to the futuristic planet of Primus.
He-Man with a new, more slender appearance and sporting a ponytail; voiced by Doug Parker leads the heroic Galactic Guardians; while Skeletor also with a completely new look; voiced by Campbell Lane , bases himself on the mutant world of Denebria, forming an alliance with Flogg and his band of Evil Mutants, who are hellbent on conquering Primus for themselves.
The series contains continuity links to the original Masters of the Universe and was intended as a continuation of the existing mythology, although some fans see it as a separate canon from the original series due to the differences in style and character portrayal. Other than He-Man and Skeletor, the Sorceress of Castle Grayskull is the only character from the original series to make regular appearances in the new series, acting as a spiritual guide to He-Man from afar.
Teela also makes a later appearance in the series in the episode "Once Upon a Time," although she bears little resemblance to her former Filmation counterpart. Other frequently appearing heroic characters include the young shepherd girl Drissi, her little brother Caz, the scientists Alcon, Gepple, Krex, and Meldoc , the robots Gleep and UR, Grot the gardener, councilman Werban, the cyclops Meliac, and the remaining Galactic Guardians: Sagitar, Tuskador, Spinwit, and Artilla; with the final members Kayo, Vizor, and Nocturna rarely featuring in the show although they did appear in the comics and series intro.
The New Adventures of He-Man cartoon series first aired September 17, , lasting 65 episodes, until the episode "The Final Invasion," which aired on December 14, , and, unlike Filmation, did provide some closure to the series. The majority of the cartoon episodes were written by Jack Olesker, resulting in a somewhat tighter continuity than the prior series.
The He-Man toy line, debuting in , a year earlier than the animated series, featured four waves of action figures produced in slightly smaller scale to the previous line ; totaling 28 distinct figures in all, with seven vehicles, two playsets, and two accessory items.
Neither The New Adventures animated series or toy line proved nearly as popular as the originals, and the line ended with little fanfare in The New Adventures of He-Man series was also featured in its own series of four mini comics and in a monthly comic magazine entitled He-Man Adventure , which ran for about six issues, before returning to adventures on Eternia and was published by Egmont's London Editions Magazines in the UK; World I.
These publications differed somewhat from the animated series with the addition of the character Darius who did not appear in the cartoon series in a major role as leader of the Galactic Council; the transition of the "Power of Castle Grayskull" into the Starship Eternia; and several of the figures sporting alternate names in some media and toy-line releases, such as Flipshot as Icarius, Flogg as Brakk, and Slush-Head as Kalamarr.
The Masters of the Universe franchise would not produce any new media for over a decade, although a new series was pitched by Lou Scheimer to DIC Entertainment in The series was to feature He-Ro alter-ego Dare , now the son of He-Man, as a sequel to the original animated series, but remained unproduced. During this hiatus, Masters of the Universe also began a following on the early days of the internet, with sites developed by Kevin Herbert one of the first , Adam Tyner with the Scrolls of Grayskull newsletter , Busta-Toons with focus on the Filmation animated series , and many others; eventually ending up with the expansive He-Man.
Masters of the Universe would also appear many times on the Adult Swim stop-motion comedy series Robot Chicken which introduced comedic character Mo-Larr. Both He-Man and Skeletor are often mentioned in pop culture, as seen on the long-running animated series The Simpsons on a few occasions.
In , however, Mattel did act on the growing nostalgia for the s action figures by rereleasing replicas of many of the figures, under the banner of the Masters of the Universe Commemorative line. Each volume contained an extensive array of special features, including original documentaries produced for the DVD set that featured interviews from many series creators and writers such as Lou Scheimer , Larry DiTillio , Paul Dini , and others. In , Mattel launched a new Masters of the Universe toy line with sculpts designed by the Four Horsemen.
The new toy line was made surprisingly faithful to the original line, with the characters gently "reimagined" and updated in terms of sculpting detail rather than radically reinterpreted.
One point of contention for many fans of the original Masters toy line was the redesign of He-Man's Power Sword. According to Four Horsemen , this was due to their original re-sculpts being intended for a continuation of the original storyline in which Skeletor had obtained both halves of the Power Sword hence the new Skeletor figure's dual blades with clear "good" and "evil" hilt designs , necessitating a new sword to be built by Man-At-Arms and endowed with the properties of the original by the Sorceress.
However, Mattel decided to reboot the continuity for a new generation of children, and thus the "new" Power Sword design became the "original" version for the new continuity. These factors likely contributed to the cancelation of the line in and ultimately not achieving the success of its s counterpart. The line's faithfulness to the original series made it very popular with collectors, however, suggesting it would have been better served as a collector-based line, akin to DC Direct.
This theory was borne out in the wake of the discontinuation of the mass-market toy line, with NECA taking the rather unprecedented step of continuing the toy line through action-figure-size mini-statues scaled and sculpted to be aesthetically compatible for display alongside the Mattel toys. NECA would produce 22 "staction figures" in total, allowing fans to fill out their collections with other Four Horsemen redesigned characters that had yet to be produced as figures when the toy line was canceled.
According to a December 8, , interview with a Mattel representative on he-man. Instead, NECA was only permitted to produce non-articulated statues, which they did from to A new animated series was produced to accompany the toy line, made by Mike Young Productions and lasting for 39 episodes, with the series making its premiere on Cartoon Network's Toonami on August 16, , and airing its final episode on January 10, King Randor was now a general rather than king, from an Eternian royal lineage , pronounced ruler of Eternia by the Elders of the Hall of Wisdom, which have gone into hiding inside the depths of Castle Grayskull.
Backstories of occasional characters such as Fisto, Moss-Man, Webstor, Zodak regarded a different character as opposed to the earlier Zodac , Two-Bad portrayed as two bounty hunters known as Tuvar and Baddhra, magically combined into one being by Skeletor's magic , and Stinkor finally making an appearance in cartoon continuity as the mutated form of Odiphus are all expanded upon.
The series was originally title He-Man and the Masters of the Universe like the original series, being retitled Masters of the Universe vs. He-Man's ancestor King Grayskull and his Sorceress wife Veena also debuted in this season against his nemesis Hordak now an ancient sorcerer.
Hordak and the Evil Horde were to be the main antagonists for the third season if the show had continued, but it was not renewed. The 40th and final episode was produced as a comic-book "special feature" on the last DVD set of the series, which was part of a three-volume release, originally by BCI Eclipse in and later in a collected release by Mill Creek Entertainment in and From to , Image Comics and MVCreations published several series of comics and one-shots that mirrored tales of Masters of the Universe ; the comic series elaborated and added to the mythos by introducing characters that never appeared in the 39 episodes of the television series.
Along with these, a handful of special or "pack-in" one-shots and trade paperback collected volumes were also produced. In , a new incarnation of Masters of the Universe was announced, with the first action figure, King Grayskull, released at San Diego Comic Con Based on the look of the original s MOTU toys, this new toy line was aimed primarily at the adult toy collector market with a 6" scale, and were often available only through subscriptions from MattyCollector.
Sculpted by the Four Horsemen, these toys were updated versions of previous figures, as well as characters that never before had an action figure made of them, such as Filmation's Queen Marlena, Fang-Man, Lizard-Man, Count Marzo, Granamyr, and many others. There were also newly created figures, exclusive to the Classics toy line, such as Draego-Man, Cy-Chop, Castle Grayskullman, and others. Figures were also released in two-packs with corresponding Superheroes and villains from the DC Comics Universe.
Masters of the Universe Classics surpassed the original s toy line in terms of length, running continuously for seven years with more than different figures produced following its launch in August Super7's releases included figures from their animation special The Curse of the Three Terrors , followed by the Masters of the Universe "Ultimates" line which consisted of "deluxe" re-releases of Classics figures and a continuation of the prior Classics and Club Grayskull lines.
In addition to the toylines, starting in , Dark Horse Comics produced mini comics included in Mattel's Masters of the Universe Classics line of toys, continuing the series of mini comics first introduced in the original MOTU toys of the s. Seeley stated that these comics were intended to blend the different He-Man continuities and select the best stories and ideas from MOTU history.
These mini comics provide an origin story of Keldor Skeletor , and then proceed to join into the later New Adventures of He-Man continuity. Many of these stories are meant to be read in conjunction with the altered continuity presented in the character biographies on the cardbacks of the Masters of the Universes Classic's line action figure packaging, and thus do not provide a detailed flowing narrative in the mini comics themselves.
A Masters of the Universe comic book series was relaunched by DC Comics in , first appearing as a series of digital comics. This was quickly followed by a six-issue mini-series and all new revised origin issues for He-Man, Skeletor and Hordak. This introduced a new back-story for He-man's sister She-Ra as Despara , Skeletor as the half-Gar son of King Miro , Hordak, and the Snakemen; moving the storyline further along, with a new Horde invasion of Eternia and He-Man taking the Eternian throne, amongst other new developments.
Fans have later referred to the overall comic saga with the "Eternity War" moniker since it was all part of the same story. The series was executive produced by award-winning author, ND Stevenson creator of Nimona and Lumberjanes. The series' first season of thirteen episodes was released on Netflix November 13, Under the direction of Glimmer's mother Queen Angella of Bright Moon, the three embark upon re-uniting the Princesses of Etheria, which include Perfuma, Mermista, Entrapta and Frosta, each with re-imagined characters as well.
Also appearing in the series are Swift Wind without the alter ego of Spirit and with a completely different take on the character's personality , Light Hope as a female hologram generated by the "First Ones" , Sea Hawk now presented as a more comical glory-seeking associate of Mermista , Castaspella as the sister of Angella's husband King Micah , Madame Razz as an older and confused forest dweller with knowledge of Mara, a prior "She-Ra" , Netossa and Spinnerella.
The evil Horde returns as the villainous overlords of Etheria, and although Hordak remains leader of the Horde, Catra is often presented as the primary antagonist now voiced by AJ Michalka , with a much stronger relationship established between her and Adora.
Shadow Weaver Lorraine Toussaint and Scorpia Lauren Ash also play prominent roles within the series, and cadets Lonnie , Rogelio and Kyle are introduced possibly inspired by previous Filmation characters. Overarching galactic villain Horde Prime and a re-imagined shape-shifting Double Trouble enter the series in later seasons, and other previously established villains appearing in lesser roles are Admiral Scurvy, Tung Lashor, Grizzlor, Imp and Octavia.
Although no longer directly linked to He-Man or the Masters of the Universe, Eternia, Castle Grayskull and Adora's kidnapping as a child are referenced. Season two of She-Ra and the Princesses of Power was released on Netflix on April 26, , with a shorter seven-episode run; soon followed by season three, on August 2, and season 4, on November 4 of that same year. While firmly establishing a new continuity, these seasons make further connections to previously established lore and characters, and include Geena Davis voicing the role of Huntara in season three.
The first 5 episodes made its debut on Netflix on July 23, , with the remaining 5 releasing on November 23, Masters of the Universe released a prequel comic series to the Masters of the Universe Revelation animated series on Netflix, with the first issue released on July 7, In December , it was announced that in addition to their other series, Netflix will also be developing a new Masters of the Universe series using CGI animation.
Bryan Q. Miller will serve as story editor on the series. Since , a reboot of Masters of the Universe has been in the works but has gone through development hell with various studios, directors and writers connected to the project.
Variety reported in that Grayskull: Masters of the Universe would be produced by Joel Silver , and written by Justin Marks, and employing visual special effects to a large degree, as was done with the war film With that deal to reboot the film going nowhere, Warner Bros.
On May 12, , it was announced that the scripting duties had been handed to newcomer Evan Daugherty, with John Stevenson still attached to direct. Leveraging this information in battery production helps companies efficiently improve their products and production systems. They can even create new business opportunities on the basis of precise insights into aggregated and analyzed operational data. Digitalization helps the automotive industry to turn their ideas into successful vehicles faster and more efficiently.
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